Advances in thermal energy storage: Fundamentals and
The thermal behavior of various solar energy storage systems is widely discussed in the literature, such as bulk solar energy storage, packed bed, or energy storage in modules.
Definition of limit temperatures of the proposed subdivision scale for operating temperature ranges of energy storage systems,,, . Analogously, sensible thermal energy storage in the high temperature range can be called high temperature sensible thermal energy storage or HTS-TES.
Options of capacity expansion for sensible thermal energy storages. In addition to increasing the volume and thus also the mass, which is also common for other types of storage, if thermal load limits of other components are neglected, the upper (operating) temperature and thus the temperature range can be increased for S-TES.
Sensible heat storage systems (SHSS) In SHSS, the heat is stored by increasing the medium temperature without transition its initial phase. The stored energy is proportional to material mass, the charging/discharging temperature change, and the specific heat capacity . SHSS is the cheapest and simplest TESS.
Unlike pumped hydro energy storage and chemical battery storage, CB are not yet mature enough for the market, but they can be a cost-efficient alternative,, . Thermal energy storage units can provide an important contribution due to low-cost storage materials .
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