Supercapacitor
It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more energy per unit mass or energy
Supercapacitors can therefore store 10 to 100 times more energy than electrolytic capacitors, but only one tenth as much as batteries. [citation needed] For reference, petrol fuel has a specific energy of 44.4 MJ/kg or 12 300 Wh/kg.
The rapid charging and discharging of supercapacitors is reflected in their specific power, a parameter with units of watts per gram (W/g). Power is the rate of receiving or delivering energy (p = dW/dt). The specific power of supercapacitors far exceeds that of the lithium-ion battery.
The capacitance value of a supercapacitor depends strongly on the measurement frequency, which is related to the porous electrode structure and the limited electrolyte's ion mobility. Even at a low frequency of 10 Hz, the measured capacitance value drops from 100 to 20 percent of the DC capacitance value.
The maximum supercapacitor cell voltage ranges from 2.5 to 2.7 V. While higher voltages are possible, they come at the cost of a reduced service life. The usual approach is to place cells in series to achieve higher voltages (up to 15 V), but that increases the series equivalent resistance and reduces the total equivalent capacitance.
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