What is a Battery Management System (BMS)? – How it Works
There are many BMS design features, with battery pack protection management and capacity management being two essential features. We''ll discuss how these two features work here.
A typical BMS consists of: Battery Management Controller (BMC): The brain of the BMS, processing real-time data. Voltage and Current Sensors: Measures cell voltage and current. Temperature Sensors: Monitor heat variations. Balancing Circuit: Ensures uniform charge distribution. Power Supply Unit: Provides energy to the BMS components.
Some other functionalities that can be in the BMU are interlock functionality or the real time clock and vector management system for the software. BMS Software Architecture: The battery management system architecture has different layers that abstract different parts of hardware.
The battery management system architecture is a sophisticated electronic system designed to monitor, manage, and protect batteries. It acts as a vigilant overseer, constantly assessing essential battery parameters like voltage, current, and temperature to enhance battery performance and guarantee safety.
Figure 1. A Simplified Diagram of the Building Blocks of a Battery Management System A battery management system can be comprised of many functional blocks including: cutoff FETs, a fuel gauge monitor, cell voltage monitor, cell voltage balance, real time clock (RTC), temperature monitors and a state machine.
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