Cost of using collapsible containers in Middle Eastern ports
This study seeks to explore the effectiveness of employing foldable containers (FLDs) in liner shipping to reduce relocation and the empty containers and bunker costs (BCs)
Global container shipping has significantly grown during the past two decades (United Nations ). trade volume differences. Traditionally, shipp ing companies address this by transferring containers between ports using spare ship capacity. However, this does not generate revenue and incurs container managemen t costs (CMCs).
be more cost - effective than STDs, especially for extreme trade imbalance (TI) lanes. Information Administration ). Containerships consume much fuel that is sensitive to bunker costs resulting in longer transit times and lower customer satisfaction.
have indicated that folding costs are approximately equivalent to unfolding costs. 1. Doudnikoff, M. & Lacoste, R. Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in sulphur emission control areas.
Containerships consume much fuel that is sensitive to bunker costs resulting in longer transit times and lower customer satisfaction. Also, shipping carriers are concerned with higher fixed operational costs and a lower freight rate due to ship overcapacity. Therefore, reducing
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