Source: Endesa, S.A.U. Another significant project is the installation of a flywheel energy storage system by Red Eléctrica de España (the transmission system operator (TSO) of Spain) in the Mácher 66 kV substation, located in the municipality of Tías on Lanzarote (Canary Islands).
Beyond pumped hydroelectric storage, flywheels represent one of the most established technologies for mechanical energy storage based on rotational kinetic energy . Fundamentally, flywheels store kinetic energy in a rotating mass known as a rotor [, , , ], characterized by high conversion power and rapid discharge rates .
The levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for flywheels is expected to decrease as advances in materials science and manufacturing processes are made. Fig. 23 shows the projected properties of flywheel energy storage systems for 2030, indicating improvements in cost-effectiveness and performance.
As of 2023, approximately 47 MW of flywheel storage capacity was operational in the U.S., primarily providing fast-response ancillary services [327, 328]. Applications now span data centers, industrial microgrids, and grid operators seeking improved inertia and power quality.
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