Size, weight, power, and heat affect 5G base station designs
Energy use will increase dramatically with 5G because a typical gNodeB uses at least twice as much electricity as its 4G counterpart, MTN says. Higher opex makes it difficult
Setting up a 5G base station is expensive, with costs ranging from $100,000 to $200,000 per site. This price includes hardware, installation, site rental, and maintenance. Urban areas often have higher costs due to land prices and infrastructure challenges.
Global 5G infrastructure spending reached approximately $10 billion in 2022 The global telecom industry has committed billions to 5G infrastructure, and by 2022, that figure had already crossed $10 billion. This includes network hardware, software upgrades, and fiber-optic deployments. While the number seems massive, it's only the beginning.
However, transitioning from non-standalone (NSA) 5G to SA 5G comes with a hefty price tag—between $1 billion and $3 billion per operator. Unlike NSA 5G, which relies on existing 4G infrastructure, SA 5G requires a brand-new core network. This includes cloud-based architecture, advanced data centers, and software-defined networking.
Engineers designing 5G base stations must contend with energy use, weight, size, and heat, which impact design decisions. 5G New Radio (NR) uses Multi-User massive-MIMO (MU-MIMO), Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), and beamforming with millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum up to 71 GHz.
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